Organizing
(Managerial Function)
Organization is considered to be a strong base
to establish any firm. Many scholars said that management function can smoothly
run through effective organizing. In general term, Organising is explained as
the way in which the work of a group of people is arranged and distributed
among group members. The function of organising comprises of the determination
of the activities to be performed, creation of departments sections and
positions to perform those activities, and establishing relationships among the
various parts of an organisation. The main intent of organizing is to build a
framework for the performance of the activities of an organisation in a
methodical manner. Sometimes organizing and organization are understood in same
way but both are different. Organising is a function of management, while
organisation refers to a group of persons who have combined to achieve some
common objectives. The process of organising is basically to recognize and
grouping of activities to be performed, defining and delegating authority,
casting responsibility and establishing relationships to allow people to work
jointly and successfully in order to accomplish organizational goals.
Good organizing functions can lead to the
continuity and triumph of organization. When organizing function is not
performed well, it can result in poor performance even though experts are
involved in company's operations. The term organization denotes dissimilar
things to different people. Basically, Organizing is the prime function of
management that engages in developing an organizational structure and assigning
human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives. The structure of
the organization is the framework within which effort is synchronized. Organizing
also involves the devising individual jobs within the organization. Managers
take decisions about the duties and responsibilities of individual jobs, as
well as the manner in which the duties should be performed.
Theoretical framework: Organizing is the function of management which
go after planning. It is a function in which the harmonization and grouping of
human, physical and financial resources takes place. Organizational function is
important to accomplish various tasks. When analysing theoretical studies, many
theorists gave their views on organizing function of management. Chester
Barnard defined that "Organizing is a function by which the concern is
able to define the role positions, the job related and the coordination between
authority and responsibility. Hence, a manager always has to organize in order
to get results. Another theorist, Louise A Allen stated that "Organization
involves identification and grouping of activities to be performed and dividing
them among the individuals and creating authority and responsibility
relationship among them for the accomplishment of organizational
objectives". Organizing being process, consists of departmentalization,
linking of departments, defining authority and responsibility and prescribing authority
relationships. The organization structure is the result of this process. Other
group of researchers emphasized that organizing involves designing,
structuring, and managing the work components to attain organizational goal. It
is the process of determining what type of work is to be done, who is to do,
how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are
to be made. Major problem to realize goals identified in the planning process
is structuring the work of the organization. Organizations are groups of
people, with ideas and resources, working toward universal goals. The principle
of the organizing function is to exploit the organization's resources in order
to attain organizational goals. Bateman illustrated that manager must identify
their levels, and then they can systematize the most important resources of the
company, their employees (2002). This process can be accomplished by management
team put personnel in different division department, and then conduct the
training program for their employees, putting the group together into a
productive team. Management should organize all the resources in order to
implement action it made in the planning process. Management will decide the
organizational structure through the process of getting organized. Then
establish and maintain relationships, also allocate necessary resources
(Burchielli and Bartram 2009). To decide the organization structure, managers
should look at the different division or apartment, the corporation of staff;
discover the appropriate way to deal with the tasks within the company.
Management must divide the task that needs to be done, and assign
responsibilities (Dauten et al.1958).
Major steps in organizing: There are many steps in organizing function of
management.
- Consideration of objectives:
The first step in organizing is to understand
basic objectives of the company. Objectives determine resources and the various
activities which should be done and the type of organization which needs to be
built for this purpose. Objectives also serve as guidelines for the management
and workforce. They bring about harmony of direction in the organization.
- Identification and grouping of activities:
Another step is Identification and grouping of
activities. If group members are to pool their efforts successfully, there must
be proper division of the major activities. Each job should be accurately
classified and grouped. This will facilitate the people to know what is
expected out of them as members of the group and will help in avoiding extra
efforts to perform the task.
- Assignment of duties:
After grouping the activities into various
jobs, management team should be allotted to the individuals for ensuring
assurance of work performance. Each individual should be given a particular task
to do according to his ability and made responsible for that.
- Delegation of authority:
It is important to delegate the authority to
the subordinates to show their output.
To summarize, organizing, as the stage of
management process, solves the problem of an internal organizational structure
of enterprise, managerial authority and responsibility division, as well as of
selecting people and ways of performing business activities. The gist of many
theorists is that organizing creates and maintains reasonable relationships
between human, material, financial, and information resources by indicating
which resources are to be used for specified activities and when, where, and
how they will be used. The organizing process results in an organizational
structure with precisely defined authorities and responsibilities.
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